Physics Unit30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

1#

Which of the atomic particles has prlxf:10jq4rnhoi f-.6n4 i j the least mass? (1.0 分)

A. electron

B. proton

C. neutron

D. nucleon

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2#

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The mass of an atom isfm7)j+ugu+v c (1.0 分)

A. approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons.

B. evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud.

C. concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

D. concentrated in the nucleus.

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3#

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The hydrogen nucleus consists op/b5,1zlkn-(ta2fnsr)qn p wf (1.0 分)

A. a single proton.

B. a single neutron.

C. one proton and one neutron.

D. one proton and two neutrons.

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4#

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An atom's atomic number is detery1j5n0u6cshtg rm1g1p ;m2v smined by the number of (1.0 分)

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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5#

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An atom's mass number t i.3ziowudud/*-c;a0g6qt vis determined by the number of (1.0 分)

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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6#

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If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its3xq3rht li*urjx x:m 9 766ru pv6sjm- neutron number 6x:s6 qum6rij9p3 mhv7 xujrxr-l * 3tby N, which of the following is correct? (1.0 分)

A. N = A + Z

B. N = Z - A

C. N = A - Z

D. none of the given answers

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7#

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When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nuclegel6r:j; drqi7u5fvud vp;r 7g9/. rbus, the atomic mass number of the nucleb:reig7 d7p; f u ;r. dv5urqr/jgl9v6us (1.0 分)

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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8#

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The number of protons in a1-x(u3hqrp)ks j e1;i gkcn*jn atom is (1.0 分)

A. zero.

B. equal to the number of neutrons.

C. equal to the number of electrons.

D. the same for all elements.

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9#

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There is a limit to the * dkvk v-/3) cb aowk9(ikoqd1size of a stable nucleus because of (1.0 分)

A. the limited range of the strong nuclear force.

B. the weakness of the electrostatic force.

C. the weakness of the gravitational force.

D. none of the given answers

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10#

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Atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutronsssb +*b35prh t are refep b*hs b5t3rs+rred to as (1.0 分)

A. nucleons.

B. nuclides.

C. isotopes.

D. none of the given answers

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11#

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Isotopes of an element have nuclei wi;orqq,2zk8. qvmd a 3gzpy /a1th (1.0 分)

A. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

B. the same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

C. a different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons.

D. a different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

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12#

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The atomic mass unit is defined t 0 f;l2blbqm,as (1.0 分)

A. the mass of a proton.

B. the mass of an electron.

C. the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom.

D. one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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13#

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Compared to the masses of its separate b(ow7t; zqs(t protons and neutrons, the total mass of a stable nucleus is (b7ozw s(t;tqalways (1.0 分)

A. less.

B. the same.

C. greater.

D. zero.

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14#

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When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus, eneludglaof 0q-i 7z s7*6rgy is (1.0 分)

A. destroyed.

B. absorbed.

C. released.

D. not transferred.

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15#

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The binding energy of a nucleus is 3r6: pu n/oljccontributed to (1.0 分)

A. radioactivity.

B. alpha decay.

C. too many neutrons.

D. mass defect.

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16#

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The binding energy per nuc(cug2oq nwtd/;g p(l1 leon is (1.0 分)

A. directly proportional to atomic number.

B. inversely proportional to atomic number.

C. the same for all atoms.

D. none of the given answers

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17#

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The binding energy per yat 1zl:if.a dn;9jc t6;naqu)9j t9fnucleon (1.0 分)

A. increases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

B. decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

C. is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei.

D. has a maximum near iron in the periodic table.

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18#

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Which of the following statements conev.9p2twyz -o cerning the nuclear force is false? (1.0 分)

A. The nuclear force is very short-ranged.

B. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

C. The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive.

D. The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons.

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19#

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Compared to the electrost964jltbbuuz 5.g8 raa atic force, the nuclear force between adjacent protons in a nucleustb lj8z u9b56 4.gruaa is (1.0 分)

A. much weaker.

B. about the same size.

C. only slightly larger.

D. much larger.

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20#

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Alpha rays can penetr.bss qje (*u36ut0qte ate (1.0 分)

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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21#

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Beta rays can penetrategk85 y9,3mwcqvsi-kv (1.0 分)

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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22#

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Gamma rays can penetrad3e u)gfjg4*kcg8s l5 te (1.0 分)

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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23#

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An a particle is also kbxkadht6*hpckwxd6938)c4 no6z 7ewnown as (1.0 分)

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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24#

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A b- particle is also known asn7by m//e.nuv (1.0 分)

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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25#

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A $b+$ particle is also known as (1.0 分)

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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26#

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A gamma ray is also kn2i+69x zxp* c s2hebioown as (1.0 分)

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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27#

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An alpha particle will be jb2k)r*75 zl:lg2b- trjo mj3n*olra attracted to a (1.0 分)

A. gamma ray.

B. proton.

C. positive charge.

D. negative charge.

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28#

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Alpha particles have an atomic massbb genmc0 82e4 equal to (1.0 分)

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 6.

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29#

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When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomi i*:lo-s0wq 8dnojo x-c mass number of the*il d--noo8 q:sw0o xj nucleus (1.0 分)

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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30#

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When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstablet/sk 5x j n9n3lakq-q7 nucleus, the atomic number of the nucle3 ks-jl kn/5q9tn7qax us (1.0 分)

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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31#

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The expression (MX - MY - Ma) x 931.5 represenbdd uo3)c mw*n93mi6mts (1.0 分)

A. the binding energy of the nucleus X.

B. the binding energy of the nucleus Y.

C. the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay.

D. the energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay.

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32#

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In beta decay (1.0 分)

A. a proton is emitted.

B. a neutron is emitted.

C. an electron is emitted.

D. an electron decays into another particle.

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33#

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During $b+$ decay (1.0 分)

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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34#

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During $b-$ decay (1.0 分)

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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35#

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When a $b+$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus (1.0 分)

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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36#

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When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus (1.0 分)

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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37#

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When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus (1.0 分)

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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38#

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Which of the following is most z6ftp1r vi0r-nearly the same as a gamma ray? (1.0 分)

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39#

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When a gamma ray is emitte(*92lig7tp 4 p u,gyydv+ raged from an unstable nucleus, (1.0 分)

A. the number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two.

B. the number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one.

C. there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons.

D. none of the given answers

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40#

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Which particle has the most massd/jv6got;rwar1k* ) g? (1.0 分)

A. alpha

B. beta

C. electron

D. gamma

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41#

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In all three types of radioacti76r i l2 .d+j;sljsojop9r*tmve decay, what value is conserved in addition to electric charge, energy, and modsst.jm6+ jrj ;i 7l 2roo*9lpmentum? (1.0 分)

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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42#

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What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substan smb.qc;r/; 4 xrk(gxkce as it decays? (1.0 分)

A. It remains constant.

B. It increases.

C. It decreases.

D. It could do any of these.

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43#

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In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often used. This nucleus emits a singleuowg( 9n;ljz/ beta particle when it dzujlgn9 / ;(woecays. When this happens, the resulting nucleus is (1.0 分)

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44#

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The type of detector that uvh9 ze s4(urwk77:uoa ses a magnetic field to curve charged particles is a (1.0 分)

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45#

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The type of detector that uses ) r r;3iklgew*liquid hydrogen is a (1.0 分)

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46#

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Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble chamberf0 pt)m ;lg/g 3x(paqks because (1.0 分)

A. the radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with.

B. the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors.

C. bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive.

D. gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers.

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47#

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An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 has hovtkg, -tx;e 6tw many proton ;tk,6tgt-xev s? (1.0 分)

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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48#

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An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 has howou(u *+wso hgx n* y:d4afhi+) many neutrons?fhu )h+*ion 4yg+aw:xdsu*o( (1.0 分)

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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49#

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The atomic number and mass numbe3 5siddlp7q7zc- w.slsn: ig d(z-h r8r for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How mawz 8l shii-zl dqpgr-n73s5:(7cdds. ny nucleons are in one atom? (1.0 分)

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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50#

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The atomic number and mass number forik0kpt(ave; i47px 0tst+( yba r).ez calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many electrons are kay. etst)zkr7 (t a0v e;xbi+4pp (0iin one atom? (1.0 分)

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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51#

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The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectij, mc1koi sw8vp;od/- d 5)xjevely. How mi5o1 o/jcx,de;p)-mv kdsj8w any protons are in one atom? (1.0 分)

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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52#

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The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 andsq9o/5goz u x- 39, respectively. How many neutrons ag u/sx q9-zoo5re in one atom? (1.0 分)

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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53#

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In a 93 Nb nucleus, the number of protons0 f4w/od3jt9wj byky9, neutrons, and electrons is 41 (1.0 分)

A. 41, 52, 93.

B. 41, 52, 52.

C. 41, 52, 41.

D. 41, 52, 0.

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54#

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How many protons are there in t6a4dhqx7 csfc+q/-9( +bd ce hk/wkn qhe carbon-14 nucleus? (1.0 分)

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55#

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If an element of atomic number 15 has an isotope of mass number 324 anay.odj+kr 3gk(3x, (1.0 分)

A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 15.

B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 17.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus is 17.

D. the number of nucleons in the nucleus is 15.

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56#

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Calculate the binding energy on:ei20 gnws l7f $^4He$. (1.0 分)

A. $28.3 \; MeV$

B. $20.4 \; MeV$

C. $14.2 \; MeV$

D. $7.80 \; MeV$

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57#

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How much energy is required to remove one p pbkal9-:zpb6kma r7*//o *s9 vi idawroton from $^9Be$? (1.0 分)

A. $16.9 \; MeV$

B. $19.6 \; MeV$

C. $58.2 \; MeV$

D. $82.5 \; MeV$

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58#

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An element with atomic number 88 goes through alpha decayt);n:6 xycyxc ,e kj5i. Its atomic number is noy); c y6ktxeic:jx,n5w (1.0 分)

A. 80.

B. 84.

C. 86.

D. 88.

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59#

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An atom has 98 protons and 2wg3r9s-4lgixa+;9g od h a.ipw 0yr8h49 nucleons. If it undergoes alpha decay, what are the number of protons and neutrons, respectively, i x30oa4 sawl+-hrdy9p igg;.g9 rhi8w n the daughter nucleus? (1.0 分)

A. 100, 245

B. 94, 247

C. 96, 245

D. 100, 249

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60#

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A carbon-14 nucleus dx+l 3nnul0j5n ecays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta decay. How much energy (in MeV) is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitron+ 0ullx35nnj gen-14 has a mass of 14.003074 u? (1.0 分)

A. $0.0157 \; MeV$

B. $0.157 \; MeV$

C. $1.57 \; MeV$

D. $15.7 \; MeV$

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61#

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An element with atomic number 6klh pjdi+2bk+:5 e9wb undergoes $b-$ decay. Its atomic number is now (1.0 分)

A. 7.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 2.

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62#

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If the half-life of a material is 45 years, hrn u*sn.;-wqz;at ./a vw *gkbow much will be left after 100 years?.;r-wz.;a ugnb wna kt/svq** (1.0 分)

A. more than 1/2

B. less than 1/2

C. more than 1/4

D. less than 1/4

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63#

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If $4.0 \times 10^{18} \; atoms$ decay with a half-life of 2.3 years, how many are remaining after 3.7 years? (1.0 分)

A. $2.5 \times 10^{18}$

B. $1.7 \times 10^{18}$

C. $1.3 \times 10^{18}$

D. $1.1 \times 10^{18}$

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64#

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What is the probability that an atom will decay this year if its x++gj53dhu* jc2 p jzvhalf-life is 247 ye *j+z2g+p 5jcvdjh x3uars? (1.0 分)

A. 0.0017

B. 0.0028

C. 0.017

D. 0.071

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65#

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A Thallium source was certified a r*)k;v+urla pt $10 \; \mu Ci$ ten years ago. What is its activity now if the half-life is 3.7 years? (1.0 分)

A. $4.7 \; \mu Ci$

B. $3.3 \; \mu Ci$

C. $1.5 \; \mu Ci$

D. $1.0 \; \mu Ci$

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66#

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A radioactive sample has a h7vem fku0qy/ k2gms/6alf-life of 10 min. What fraction of the sample is left after 40 minsv2u60em fmg /q 7y/kk? (1.0 分)

A. 1/2

B. 1/4

C. 1/8

D. 1/16

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67#

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The half-life of radioactive iodinog.d s,eqg )u6e-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodine nuclei are necessary to produce a ,ug).6qogde sn activity of $1.0 \; \mu Ci$? (1.0 分)

A. $2.9 \times 10^{9}$

B. $4.6 \times 10^{9}$

C. $3.7 \times 10^{10}$

D. $7.6 \times 10^{12}$

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68#

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A radioactive substance with a half-life of 3.0 daygbj,mt6pz5eom76 jx3mxk +j:s has an initial activity of 6x +3ke b7jt6 mjmp5xg,omzj: $0.24 \; Ci$. What is its activity after 6.0 days? (1.0 分)

A. $0.12 \; Ci$

B. $0.48 \; Ci$

C. $0.06 \; Ci$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

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The radioactivity due to carbon-14 measured in a pk:pzi1 +f;e(:st ypuqiece of a wooden casket from an ancient burial site was found to produce 20 counts per minute from a given sample, whereas the same amount of carbon from a piece of living wood produced 160 counts per minute. The half-life of carbon-14, a beta emitter, is 5730 years;:: (p uekqtyip z1s+f. Thus we would estimate the age of the artifact to be about (1.0 分)

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70#

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How long would it take lb0x1)h9;jlmsg rvbl9jy:sp(y r .e*$4.0 \times 10^{20} \; atoms$ to decay to $1.0 \times 10^{19} \; atoms$ if their half-life was 14.7 years? (1.0 分)

A. $29.4 \; years$

B. $58.8 \; years$

C. $78.2 \; years$

D. $147 \; years$

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71#

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How long will it take a u2 :sdq8m 1pvn5/ om. yxuyev1$4.5 \; Ci$ sample of material to reach an activity level of $0.14 \; Ci$ if the half-life is 435 years? (1.0 分)

A. $14,478 \; years$

B. $3245 \; years$

C. $2178 \; years$

D. $1993 \; years$

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