Physics Unit32: Elementary Particles

1#

What happens to the cyclotron frequency of a charged particlegfo * 4gdn4i cuxw9y6/3oo /xx if its speed double 9c//guondio6 gx f 344wxo*yxs? (1.0 分)

A. It triples.

B. It doubles.

C. It halves.

D. It does not change.

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2#

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What happens to the cyclotron frequency of a charged m8t+xq hun. 4egx 4ygu424 jenparticle if the radius of its pathe4qn yxx 4htug+jg2.uen8 m4 4 doubles? (1.0 分)

A. It triples.

B. It doubles.

C. It halves.

D. It does not change.

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3#

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The Feynman diagram shows two electrons approaching each other, interacting5 c:y-xfy)f vkhuhl52b6hze9xp- x r)).kxuv , and then leaving each other. Wha-kh69ffxx2phv .vz -:x hulc) y r)5buk)xey5t particle is being exchanged during the interaction?

(1.0 分)

A. pion

B. virtual photon

C. neutrino

D. $W$ particle

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4#

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The Feynman diagram shows the weak 6s1+bw.qkc ty interaction of a neutrino ($\nu$) and a neutron ($n$), mediated by a $W+$ particle. The interaction produces an electron ($e-$) and another particle. What is the other particle?

(1.0 分)

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5#

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A positively charged mfrua t/ j;9 d-j26ysue66;cd1 v acscelectron is (1.0 分)

A. called a proton.

B. called a positron.

C. also called an electron.

D. not found in nature.

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6#

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What effect does an increase in the mass of the virt:i*o3rjy .mui 9urk6svvg yw6q1o8 ;pual exchange particle have on the range of the sk r v9g y o6y*i.wvq;jpo6i:13m ru8uforce it mediates? (1.0 分)

A. decreases it

B. increases it

C. has no appreciable effect

D. decreases charged particle interactions and increases neutral particle interactions

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7#

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An exchange particle for the weak force8(+7h7g t+dnqamn a shk.yvs/ is the (1.0 分)

A. photon

B. meson

C. W particle

D. graviton

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8#

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The exchange particles for the weak force are very mas fuq h,xrnjy, w7(h dj4.d.1oosive (about 100 times as massive as a proton). This would lead one to y qf njr1 u o,(j7h4wd.o,xhd.expect that the weak force would (1.0 分)

A. act over a very long range.

B. act over a very short range.

C. only act on very massive particles.

D. be transmitted at the speed of light.

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9#

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The exchange particle for quarks 74s)rablpr w( is called (1.0 分)

A. the stickon.

B. the gluon.

C. the epoxyon.

D. the epsilon.

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10#

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A particle that travels ivh7y eo yrv 2v.su+7e+rr8bc.j9i k1 at the speed of light (1.0 分)

A. has never been observed.

B. must have zero rest mass.

C. must have a very large rest mass.

D. has infinite energy.

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11#

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One reason a photon could not create an odd number of elect+ 2ahgv/;pxsk))*0dlv btt ghrons and positrons is that such a process wg;t+k h dha s*t x)vp/vblg)20ould (1.0 分)

A. not conserve charge.

B. not conserve energy.

C. require photon energies that are not attainable.

D. result in the creation of mass.

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12#

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Is the following decavcful;vw.oerr 2yz,i1j;: a n1c 7cl+y permissible? $\Sigma^+ \rightarrow \Lambda^{\circ} \;+\; \pi^+$ (1.0 分)

A. yes

B. No, because charge is not conserved.

C. No, because mass is created.

D. No, because lepton number is not conserved.

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13#

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Is the following decay allowed? /rz j7lar.7i b$\Sigma^+ \rightarrow p \;+\; \pi^+$ (1.0 分)

A. yes

B. No, because charge is not conserved.

C. No, because mass is created.

D. No, because lepton number is not conserved.

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14#

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Is the following decay allowed? .wq5twzp ol z61pyt/5 $\pi^{\circ} \rightarrow \mu^+ \;+\; \nu_{\mu}$ (1.0 分)

A. yes

B. No, because charge is not conserved.

C. No, because mass is created.

D. No, because lepton number is not conserved.

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15#

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The neutrino has (1.0 分)

A. enormous rest mass, positive charge, and spin quantum number 1/2.

B. negligible rest mass, negative charge, and spin quantum number 1.

C. negligible rest mass, no charge, and spin quantum number 1/2.

D. none of the given answers

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16#

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An electron is an example ov9pjn sxp7/h 37ar8 pwf (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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17#

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A proton is an example oq ozxx4rj;)5 kf (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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18#

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A neutron is an exampl8g* rt3tl xe) 8zcx*oae of (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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19#

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A photon is an example oz pbc2u386+ad,6l+n lw ynwblf (1.0 分)

A. a lepton.

B. a meson.

C. a baryon.

D. a gauge boson.

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20#

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Particles that do not interact via the strong force but do interact vip,-jg 8t3jzojg6lnk) )zwz*wa the weak nuclzktzw )l8wn6)* -go jjp,3g jzear force (and presumably by the much weaker gravitation force) are called (1.0 分)

A. gauge bosons.

B. leptons.

C. baryons.

D. mesons.

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21#

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Hadrons are divided into two sv74e / 4zp hb:aeh9ytlubgroups called (1.0 分)

A. baryons and leptons.

B. leptons and mesons.

C. mesons and baryons.

D. nucleons and gauge bosons.

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22#

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A quark is (1.0 分)

A. a constituent of a nucleon.

B. a constituent of a hadron.

C. an elementary particle.

D. all of the given answers

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23#

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What is the quark composit nn4iaaz,,.p.q :m qu -ubh7lzion of a $\Lambda^{\circ}$? (1.0 分)

A. uud

B. uus

C. uds

D. uss

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24#

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A distinctive feature of qua.j6b mi75l6 r8bdkap6wb4 fw nrks is that they (1.0 分)

A. have zero rest mass.

B. have zero charge.

C. have fractional electric charge.

D. are always observed singly, since they do not readily interact with other particles.

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25#

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The charge of some quarks and antiquarks wl msz1 .a.fm4is (1.0 分)

A. e/4.

B. e/3.

C. e/2.

D. e.

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26#

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When a quark emits or absorbs a gluon, the qu : 6;v axwlzs8csfw.e-ark changes (1.0 分)

A. its charge.

B. its mass.

C. its color.

D. into an antiquark.

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27#

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The number of types e w)cs*:lff5 vx 9p ,x**fxfwcof quarks is (1.0 分)

A. 2.

B. 3.

C. 6.

D. 8.

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28#

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Which of the following is not considered to be one of z b0,l5ziva2 98xbj 9e ewka(kthe four fundamental forces?09kz 2zv,i(xebawak598lej b (1.0 分)

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29#

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A significant step in "unifying" the forc v k:m-jhba9u5es of nature was the discovery that two of the so-called fundamental forces were two parts of a single force. The two forces that werembvku 9:h- 5aj so unified were (1.0 分)

A. the electromagnetic force and the weak force.

B. the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force.

C. the electromagnetic force and the gravity force.

D. the weak force and the strong nuclear force.

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30#

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The grand unified theory (GUT) is jpu4s )a9. mhoa sought-after model that would unify three of .sho a9 ju)m4pthe four forces of nature. Which force is the one it would not include? (1.0 分)

A. gravitational

B. strong

C. weak

D. electromagnetic

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31#

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What is the wavelength for a beam0frv;e d:sb0 p of 1.4 GeV electrons? (1.0 分)

A. $8.8 \times 10^{-14} \; m$

B. $8.8 \times 10^{-15} \; m$

C. $8.8 \times 10^{-16} \; m$

D. $8.8 \times 10^{-17} \; m$

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32#

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A cyclotron operates at 10 MHz. What mtp ,ev6qx+ bgixl1r ti v)m9i:88/ jebagnetic field is needed to accelerate prob8er tp1 +i9xtb)i 8q,vj gxvmi :l6e/tons? (1.0 分)

A. $0.12 \; T$

B. $0.25 \; T$

C. $0.66 \; T$

D. $1.5 \; T$

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33#

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A cyclotron of radius 0.25 m accelerates protons in a 1.7-T magnetic field.*: -x /nxqecie What is the frequency ixx*-qc nee :/for the applied alternating voltage? (1.0 分)

A. $0.26 \; MHz$

B. $2.6 \; MHz$

C. $26 \; MHz$

D. $260 \; MHz$

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34#

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A cyclotron of radius 0.25 m acceleratesx4sca7dcu3baerg)7 q qp2tw: / .f9 la protons in a 1.7-T magnetic field. What is the kinetic energy of the protons when they lebtflq 3qaudc2s agpw.7)/ r4 xa9 7:ceave the cyclotron? (1.0 分)

A. $7.8 \; keV$

B. $8.7 \; keV$

C. $7.8 \; MeV$

D. $8.7 \; MeV$

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35#

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A deuteron has the same charge as jhmt9/ -7h gj9fibl; vlhj)1u a proton but approximately twice the proton mass. Suppose deuterons are being a v199ijubt j;gh)mj/-f7llhh ccelerated in a cyclotron in an orbit of radius 75 cm at a frequency of 8.0 Mhz. What magnetic field is needed? (1.0 分)

A. $0.011 \; T$

B. $0.11 \; T$

C. $1.1 \; T$

D. $11 \; T$

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36#

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Suppose you were to try to create3 cm*qx(-uykz a proton-antiproton pair by annihilation of a very high energy photon. The proton and the anti-pr*xykzuc-q m3( oton have the same masses, but opposite charges. What energy photon would be required? (1.0 分)

A. $1.022 \; MeV$

B. $1880 \; MeV$

C. $940 \; MeV$

D. $223 \; MeV$

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37#

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When a positronium atom (electron + positron) decays, itr .67iw +m.mm79i6yp g gikhzc emits two photons. What are the energies of the irii gm.k7.7h gwyc+66mzm p9 photons? (1.0 分)

A. 0.511 MeV and 1.022 MeV

B. 0.225 MeV and 0.285 MeV

C. 0.256 MeV and 0.256 MeV

D. 0.511 MeV and 0.511 MeV

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38#

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The pe meson has a mass of 264 times that of an electron. What is the vqu0: r/ov0rq9 s8nahrange of the force mediated by this pvqshr:/o9u ar q 08v0narticle? (1.0 分)

A. $1.5 \times 10^{-10} \; m$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $1.5 \times 10^{-14} \; m$

D. $1.5 \times 10^{-15} \; m$

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39#

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Calculate the range of a hypothetical force ) ub()b5crwnn 3t/hvkwith the proton as the virtual exchange particl5bu)nc 3/t k()bvnw hre. (1.0 分)

A. $6.7 \times 10^{-25} \; m$

B. $2.1 \times 10^{-16} \; m$

C. $1.5 \times 10^{-15} \; m$

D. $6.0 \times 10^{-8} \; m$

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40#

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Identify the missing particle in the following ru -bxr35ug jd5eaction.
$\pi^- \;+\; p \rightarrow \pi^- \;+\; \pi^- \;+\; \pi^+ \;+\; \;\;\;\;\;\;$ ? (1.0 分)

A. $p$

B. $n$

C. $e$

D. $\nu_{\mu}$

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41#

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Identify the missing particle in the follow-i(y psv i s6:)piwz3sing reaction. $\pi^+ \rightarrow \mu^+ \;+\; \;\;\;\;\;\;$ ? (1.0 分)

A. $p$

B. $n$

C. $e$

D. $\nu_{\mu}$

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42#

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Identify the missing particle9jmj i,nfg j:9 in the following reaction. $\pi^+ \;+\; \Lambda^{\circ} \rightarrow \Sigma^+ \;+\; \;\;\;\;\;\;$ ? (1.0 分)

A. $p$

B. $n$

C. $\pi^{\circ}$

D. $\nu_{\mu}$

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43#

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The number of quarks in anzb/-xnub c qxu) +l:9 deuteron ($^2 H$) is (1.0 分)

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