Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - WebAssign

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity
本Practice来源于WebAssign，是在线Practice的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://webassign.org/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 325 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://webassign.org/test325.html
作者: physics

答题人: 匿名未登录开始时间: 23年05月01日 10:04 切换到: 整卷模式

1#

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You are riding in a spachb64; zi*zt+46x1jv *jpyllec ds8hz eship that has no windows, radios, or other means for you to4 6z1*lji;b4z e6*j+vt8ch xzhpysd l observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do? (1.0 分)

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

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The Michelson-Morley ex9ooqyv :2z6f*(mx ppx periment was designed to measure (1.0 分)

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

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Michelson and Morley concluded from the results of q0.d*uygq owx)b d(d45y1 orx their experiment that (1.0 分)

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

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You can build an interfeb6x: ii6j2.,ktu na b1fw, b :f+ackcsrometer yourself if you use the following components: (1.0 分)

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

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State the relativity principlea4:,v,a p9whuwcp9r,xdf z4x . (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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6#

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State the three unprovable assumptions of:h9w(ogxf2a8wnj* :miy2 g k:bot+ gb Galilean-Newtonian relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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7#

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The theory of special rl)kq cpcug,c;h7vv96 elativity (1.0 分)

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

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One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the special theory of relativ2 /f4r hl)bwktity was that the laws of physics are the same in reference framesb tw)kl/f r4h2 that (1.0 分)

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

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State the first postulate of special relm+, l20emuhfl1uc v7 rativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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10#

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State the second postulate of s(7dcf g mxv;-ipecial relativity. (1.0 分)

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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11#

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If you were to measure your pulse rate while in a spaceship moving away frb 3q)e+7 dux:u;fl/v6 bdf;bf rma 9ddom the 9: 3 mb)+7 a;frdf;dqvbbluxf /ed6 duSun at a speed close to the speed of light, you would find that it was (1.0 分)

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

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Relative to a stationary observer, a 9,ieakeu(8h9/golw 1n : ;zbl 0jllhk moving clock (1.0 分)

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

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The gamma factor is defi2,ml5 8etofu fhf8:inned as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$) (1.0 分)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

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Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space sptwka92 2svp5 hip traveling at a very high speed to a distant star aa2kp9p s5 wvt2nd back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is (1.0 分)

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

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Relative to a stationary observer, a moving obje0j46wnj1f lvh l,9mthct (1.0 分)

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

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An object moves in a direction parall x jnla1pz)b-/i5+apptc-o d 4el to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The wid1bpoln5z+dia 4tj /a-x )pc-pth of this object, as measured by a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

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An object moves in a direction parallel to its length wjyi li*j,u*4 rith a velocity that approaches the velocjji4*u ,y*li rity of light. The length of this object, as measured by a stationary observer, (1.0 分)

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

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As the speed of a particle approaches the spxx )qmi+21vtv eed of light, the mass of the partic1q x)tv 2vix+mle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

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As the speed of a particle appvg -a7jx z7tm6roaches the speed of light, the momentum of the partiv -xjazt6gm77 cle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

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A spear is thrown by you at a g,35dy- pquz nvery high speed. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal pzqg3 n-yd,5u length. From this measurement, you conclude that the moving spear's mass must be (1.0 分)

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

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What happens to the kinetic energy of a sp ;ulr1 4z y2t2e5;vgmvz skn;ieedy proton when its relativistic mass 2lr ;;vz z;gtyin1425um vskedoubles? (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

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What happens to the total relativistic energy of a speedy proton when its xq8h sz;ch4wvty: (:vrelativistic mass : x wycvvh(zhq;t:4s8doubles? (1.0 分)

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

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Consider a particle p. s.m s7k zytad f-+,5a0yusyof mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle? (1.0 分)

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

单选题搜藏此题

Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. xnu3 nbb2a 7npeasz-y*(v/r * Ship A is movipz3buea ynnb/r7s 2vn*-a (x* ng directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity? (1.0 分)

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

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Which of the following depends on the observer's frame of referen1-,li7. w3xx xrfgdcyc-s : x wwxj3,vk/wp9uce? (1.0 分)

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

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As the velocity of your spaceship increases, you would observelst7jc p5h o45 (1.0 分)

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, r kntzzh+ge9ml7 l/xu*3x5 1w zelative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0l gtz+zxul 1 h/3knx*7we9z5m m/s if the boat is heading upstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

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A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still *k zs/pk6/ :cawhr0w pwater. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in 0:apz/h *krpkww /6 csa river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading downstream? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

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A boat can travel 4.4fnbu ;bx(x 3hiva.j00 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if thefjai v.x hxbnu0;3 (b4 boat is heading straight across the river? (1.0 分)

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

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How fast should a moving clock d gk130saw (0y(ddi2bv4wrfw))ls lotravel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as r) o(d0d fi(4gblw1vd sw ls032wk)ryaunning at one-half its normal rate? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

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A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and return wecj87hd3)ci4z qpbl i8 ;c4fs in 10 hours according to a clock on the spac 743 ihd4 cc ;i8qebw8fp)zlcjeship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

单选题搜藏此题

A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initially 10 years old. z0*tmvev m/hw7o2e e 6 While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as mem ew/*oe t 2z0he7mv6vasured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return? (1.0 分)

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

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One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip with a speed of 0.80eendi d*1yd3-1h g fd7c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based t3n1i*e-1g ddfe7 hyd dwin brother? (1.0 分)

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

单选题搜藏此题

A meter stick is moving toward you with a spee nd 9tt gde+u/ru7+p/pd of 0.80c. What is its length? (1.0 分)

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

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How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract to half / d)t+wc zlq9r mjrynz:k)3raja()6sof its proper length (as observed yt)wrj + q9nrs3l6ak(zm)rz) j/c a:dby a stationary object)? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

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The length of a spaceship * 5)ru ),a(locdagpymis 10 m when it is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you with a speed of 0.70c, what length does it appear to youd )raga uco(5m p,)y*l? (1.0 分)

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

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The closest star to ourltruwveo+ nor: a9 072z) /o kh(ausk8 solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant spl o2e a/osvkk8a): un wt(rhou r9z7+0eed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship? (1.0 分)

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

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The closest star to our solar syvy m8b19tf3./c+ b- nrp1nos /jujyg mstem is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spac.t j bsvn c1y89mjy-gp+1n/ fmbur/o3eship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

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The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light s2bh, 3yvn/uq 5jywo7years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the,75yn 2u/vyj qob s3wh Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

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An electron is traveling at/g a/hp6 e*s)ovfg( p2x o(tre 0.85c. What is its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.) (1.0 分)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

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What is the speed of a protonxaxwjcng8a /g 09lv ;; ni.j9e if its mass is twice its rest mass? (1.0 分)

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

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If the velocity of your spaceship nyl;4na ds(y, goes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will increase (s al;,y4ydn nby (1.0 分)

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

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What is the momentum dg pq;n *w 4t:iku(9gbin $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

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During a reaction, an elem70kmccdc d ( nxt*n7)lent loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released? (1.0 分)

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this? (1.0 分)

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

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How much energy would be r2vjnrnl bjl m3 y0q6b p*70n+heleased if 2.0 kg of material was lost during a reactiopljnr 0 *h 3ymv2l7+jqn0nb6b n? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalmkgz+t/hdl pw 862i1 kent to two kilogram of mass at rest is (1.0 分)

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

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The atomic bomb that was m+c3rwa( fcs+h/e s y*ko0rw 0dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end World War II on the next day. It30*w+yh 0 wam/ focsrersk+(c released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much! (1.0 分)

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

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The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the slran-/iojs8/4 9upps 4 2qvtgpeed of the proton 4gs- lp//rsq2njaui 4pt8o9v ? (1.0 分)

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the momentumeqf- c*xg/ kt,t6k)zf kfqtecgxt, zf/ -*)k6 in $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

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What energy is released (in MeVpy, .sj+( s)amecm:e o) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy? (1.0 分)

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

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How much mass is lost durinudotz*f:)z 0 tg a reaction in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

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What is the total energy of an electron moving 5 d7p abcftd w7ea 8gpg2s5g.3with a speed of 0.95c? (1.0 分)

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

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How many joules of energ0 .ns7 )r,tgtk9l miyvv+zsx,y are required to accelerate one kilogram of mass from rest to a velocity of 0.gl,xvtz )im. ny7 0s +rv9t,sk866 c? (1.0 分)

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

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In a nuclear plant, ek5fx dcbmab8d;b q+m //c/x1 ezq-7 p$1017$ J of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost? (1.0 分)

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

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An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. By what factor has its mass infw;9mka -5k9p vv 9jhhcreased with respect to its -hkvva5 9 pkw9mfj ;9hrest mass? (1.0 分)

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

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You are in a rocket traveling awaybzm:7mhkz tofo72f,/(3uo x3h4j ct a from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the speed of light f /zjuf zh(tatc2 3o3bxo ho:mf7k,m4 7rom the Sun to be (1.0 分)

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

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Two spaceships are traveling th- ao-z d uex(kh27,faorough space at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a person on ei2a ho(eo afz,--kx 7duther craft? (1.0 分)

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

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A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed of 0.80c. How fast would light traven6hcnuqvm9 ,yzv8kn 98fs))w l from the headligs )q6 9 )8hnvcv8f,zknmyuwn9hts of the ship relative to a stationary observer? (1.0 分)

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

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A spaceship moves away from the Ear7;lrdn/+ov2 0 i, u7dc uijxgsth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a s;jd+c,u 7xui0d7ln r o2/vigspeed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth wit x)adw )wcrn(*h a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50* cxwan())wrd c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth? (1.0 分)

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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