Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

1#

When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam cc (y. rzn,5vsof particles, it is possible to p(zvsrc n,y.c5roduce (1.0 分)

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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2#

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The mass of a proton ib9: ;nui jtm;dcu1a c1d5(dyz 8c1bqes $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be (1.0 分)

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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3#

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In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in awj-/)3o mu bokzf+ i0cddition to electric charge, energy, and mome f0/o -+wbm3oucjz)i kntum? (1.0 分)

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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4#

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A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluorine-18 a1m03v jfh hq8ynd another particle. What other particlev mj108q hyh3f is produced by this nuclear reaction? (1.0 分)

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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5#

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A nuclear reaction is said to bjw 2 *m/q-l lc.cq/hsae exothermic if the total kinetic energy is (1.0 分)

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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6#

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A nuclear reaction is said to be endothermic if thqjqb,.at 6cb ri)c/w(e total kinetic energy is (1.0 分)

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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7#

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The process during which a heavy nucleus such as uranium spe;c- pkh c*-kelits into two intermediate-sized nuclei after being struck by a pkc --ce;ke*h neutron is referred to as (1.0 分)

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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8#

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The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is referred tsf -bzj y5j/zil9t4.jkkw zh/1kq .n) o a/j is hnl.bfj wz94z 1kt5qzkyj)./-ks (1.0 分)

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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9#

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How does the total mass of the products of a nuclear fission rpl+z c q+x3u7heaction compare to the mass of the originhxz++lcu q3p 7al elements? (1.0 分)

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

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How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fus 2uedrq+qx,+c5 *n r7xhp tir7ion reaction compare to the mass of the origidrnp+c,*q7xr e5q2ihx t7 r+ unal elements? (1.0 分)

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

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When light elements such as hydrogen undergo fuh5q+ 879siqjibf )o pdsion, (1.0 分)

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

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The fuel for nuclear fissi z :k+brol.1//urfkzb (y2jpn on is (1.0 分)

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

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The fuel for nuclear fusion in the cenahpn+d(t2zvx uo , 8 *4sla3zzter of the Sun is (1.0 分)

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

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The energy radiated by a stoh 99lahaz2+p31ru7pnovb,dar, such as the Sun, results from (1.0 分)

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

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What is the source of 1/dfxwush f77zalj9 ls(6 )wgc/hx; l (qgg.ethe energy the Sun radiates to us? (1.0 分)

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16#

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What is the principlezbk g4blg ,04b difference between a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb? (1.0 分)

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

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One sometimes hears reference to a "20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mo.f;ex.2 g zoovp-2rf2yiq e2ean? (1.0 分)

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

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What is the meaning of the term/jkoi 9y3hp p7 "critical mass"? (1.0 分)

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

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A chain reaction can 2 uvubr/ ./et ocdw.0goccur (1.0 分)

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

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The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cellsxe(8z.0 s+b r as;5az-3uwfwqxu mo9i is (1.0 分)

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

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What is necessary to/ am , z*s;m-pa+bkb9gp+ tzsw stop beta particles? (1.0 分)

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

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What is created in pair productio0j.o2wbgmj6,yux. zh3p;n sx1 +y spun? (1.0 分)

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

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All of the following are units usedustri0b ) s+fk,tys ct)s+()b to describe radiation dosage in humans except)+bs,tb)scsut+i sy(0 ) tk rf (1.0 分)

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24#

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A unit that measures the effective dose ob q ahkv/q2r69*t;*m;(wfqw4e vq - q8cmq xdhf radiation in a human is the (1.0 分)

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

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When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bryxnpxp 2 59v0ombarded with neutrons, it can change into (1.0 分)

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

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In the fission reactionbw c b2jy 86psadj7b0:p(:cks $^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is (1.0 分)

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

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Complete the following nuclear reactr 04pd dmrfx0 fw+2u+qion: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$ (1.0 分)

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

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Complete the following nuclear reaction: nqv h //sbaq7) enah2($^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$ (1.0 分)

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

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Complete the following nuclear re+i*q 9 h5b(ob wwkczj*action: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$ (1.0 分)

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

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Complete the following nuclf9p l+/6jfowgear reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$ (1.0 分)

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

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Complete the following nuclear reac u zyfrpi8 yo8, inv7v75r4:hption: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces (1.0 分)

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

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The Q value for a particular reaction is -2.4 MeV, and the (6a-qqem7ryfoyyn73+*(f zz ksmb-u reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. Wha zsf7o((eunq-y7-f+q 6a mkmyz3by*rt is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus? (1.0 分)

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33#

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Find the Q value of the followev 9 i -2qk-rao1smdi;ing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$ (1.0 分)

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

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Find the Q value of the following reactio,4 v-nho:n3 ofcv b0xjn: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$ (1.0 分)

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

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What is the Q value for the follo a. k+bi zqk+las(n:3owing reaction? $^{7} Li + ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He + ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$ (1.0 分)

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

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What is the energy of reaction of the processt7g8wyt3; 9l 7leq( w1cua dqw $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$? (1.0 分)

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37#

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What is the energy released (positive) or absorbed (negative)8t(1 tub vga4k in the following reab4 t(8uvgkt 1action? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u (1.0 分)

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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38#

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-raysm;n ke,o-*tu e per day and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technician receives in 250 u- en tme;,*okworking days? (1.0 分)

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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