Which of the following options will alter the fre* m6+l6pskhnoquency of a wave? (1.0 分)

  Young's double-slit 1 rdfjv,u j,0 62 dgjf7w-uhswexperiment is setup as shown, including a monochromatic source, a single slit, a double slit and a screen. Wh1rw2jd,u- jhfs 7jdw,u6 0gfvat is the purpose of the single slit in this experiment?

(1.0 分)

  Identical waves that begin prozg+, pdeve3g o6c .ks(pagation at the same time leave from two different sources and arrive a,dk6epgg csvz3 o.e +(t the same point point $X$. The first source is $18 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The second source is $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$ from point $X$. The waves of both sources have a wavelength of $3 \mathrm{~m}$. What is observed at $X$ ? (1.0 分)

  A monochromatic laserw ll49j7e9vbpz78o eck eh-,wwj, ,vd beam is shone into the surface of a tank filled with water. The effects on the lasj9w8 wp-lbvk7 wh zeecd,v9, j l4e,o7er beam due to the water are observed.

How will the properties of the light be affected by the water?

(1.0 分)

  $\mathrm{K}$ is the source of a wave of frequency $25 \mathrm{~Hz}$.



The wave travels to point $M$ by two routes, $K \rightarrow L \rightarrow M$ and $K \rightarrow M$. The speed of the wave is $15 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$.

What is the path difference between the two waves at M in terms of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the waves?
(1.0 分)

  Which of the following images shown below best representsgj (xv0.yh+bfaox/ ,u the path of visible light travfu. g joyvx0,ha/b(x+eling through a glass prism?

(1.0 分)

  The diagram shows a wave approaching an aperture. *mzy 5q5 jv: bvd4e7js


Which diagram correctly shows the resulting diffraction pattern for the wave?
(1.0 分)

  Which phrase correctly completes the following sent5q1l o-sw) c orv:yc6aence?

In a ray diagram showing reflection, the angle of incidence is the angle between (1.0 分)

  Which property of a wave doe2fo e 41e1lmmz:vpqr4+mg6z as not change as a result of refraction? (1.0 分)

  Diamonds are highly valued becayzqbayr2 1m9,mp:8s kw d91c tuse of their sparkle. This is caused by total internal reflection, which reflects most of the light that falls onto a cut diamond out of the face we see. Fake gems, called 'paste', are often used in jewellery because they are cheaper. However, paste gems sparkle much lessy 1m8b19qt2m r9p: c,y kwzdsa than real diamonds.

The diagrams show a possible path of light through a real diamond, and another through a fake.



If:

- $n=$ refractive index;

- $n_{d}$ is the refractive index of the diamond

- $n_{f}$ is the refractive index of the fake

- $v=$ speed of light

- $v_{d}$ is the speed of light in the diamond

- $v_{f}$ is the speed of light in the fake

Which row in the table contains only statements which must be true?

(1.0 分)

  The double-slit equation descrrwjiay ;7msd7*) 0(w lvi7)p0 sxt okribes the relationship between the separation distance okjs vd* m(xwtsr) l7070; oi7 wr)iyapf the fringes on the screen, s, the distance between the screen and the slits, $D$, the separation of the slits, $d$, and the wavelength, $\lambda$, of the light.

$$
s=\frac{\lambda D}{d}
$$

Which line gives the correct units for the quantities?

(1.0 分)

  A sound source $X_{1}$ is positioned $w \; cm$ to the left of sound source $X_{2}$. Both sound sources are $y \; m$ below the detection line $A B$. $A B$ runs parallel to $X_{1} X_{2}$. When a sound detector is slowly moved along the line $A B$, a maxima is first detected at $P$, followed by a minima at $Q$, with another maxima at $R$ and a minima at $S$. $P Q R S$ are all equidistant apart with $X_{1} S=X_{2} S$.

Which one of the following is a correct expression for the wavelength of the sound? (1.0 分)

  Two waves from indivix t3jmt,tevwdxp,, 1*t6 g ,hjdual point sources meet at a point $X$. Which of the following conditions is necessary for stable interference pattern to be observed at point $X$ ? (1.0 分)

  Which image shows the correct ray diagram for light passing from air into cksg0-11wxgewater? -0kw1gs ec1 xg
(1.0 分)

  The diagram below shows an arrangement used to investigate double slit //)6ivgv* qqyjz,dgsinterferenc vy) djgi6vz/,s/*gqqe using microwaves.



The diagram below shows the view from above:



The microwaves from the transmitter are polarised. These waves are detected by the aerial in the microwave detector (probe). The aerial is a vertical metal rod.

The detector is moved along the dotted line UY. As it is moved, maximum and minimum signals are detected. Maximum signals are first detected at points $\mathrm{V}$ and $W$. The next maximum signal is detected at the position $X$.

The distances between each of the two slits, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ and the microwave receiver when the aerial is in position $\mathrm{X}$ are $\mathrm{S}_{1} \mathrm{X}=$ $0.3335 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{S}_{2} \mathrm{X}=0.3615 \mathrm{~m}$

Find the wavelength of the microwave and select the two correct reasons that explain why the signal strength falls to a minimum between $U$ and $V$, and between $V$ and W.
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  When moving from mateud nxna0dcg89y/vw- -rial $A$ to material $B$, the direction of a ray of light moves away from the normal. If $n_{A}$ and $n_{B}$ are the refractive indices of materials $A$ and $B$ respectively, then which of the following statements is true in this situation?
(1.0 分)

  Our fingerprints are made up of a series of ridges on the end :nq uc9.c kqnvp p9:z.of the finger. Thes.cpvk:n9 .pnu9qc:q ze ridges can be 'read' by electronic devices.

The diagram below shows a certain type of fingerprint detector below, which works by scattering light when pressure is applied to a plastic screen. The ridges of the fingerprint press the plastic film against the glass when the finger is pressed to the screen.




When not in use, the plastic screen and the glass have a small air space between them. The diagram below shows the two possible paths for the light when the finger is pressed down.




Which row in the table correctly describes the properties of the fingerprint detector that cause the bright and dark patches on the image produced by the camera?


(1.0 分)

  The effect of a double slit on m o6w0o:x7t 6laj e4omdonochromatic light is observed by the set up in the diagram tw: 60 jooa6l7omxed4below.



Interference fringes are seen on the screen.

Which of the following changes would increase the distance between the adjacent fringes? (1.0 分)

  In a Young's double-slit experiment, the spacing of the double pyb4(;oxn fyh1d1f2 eslits is $d$ and the distance between the slits and the screen on which fringes are formed is $D$. When monochromatic light of wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on the slits the distance between adjacent fringes on the screen is $s$.

Which row shows another arrangement that produces a fringe spacing of $s$ ?



(1.0 分)

  Ray diagrams can be used to show the reflection, refractzhlkxp zu .qo98(p- q5ion and transmission of light at t9z.- olh qxzq k(8up5phe boundary between media.


In the diagram, what feature does $X$ represent? (1.0 分)

  This diagram below shows two apertures through which planar waves are7z4 k6j1krmb9p.12rvrin jpj2 ng xi 1 passed as they are mvzb7 rk61.4jkrn 2g9j x1p1jipr2ni moving to the left. The wavefronts show crests moving in phase. Given this information, at which point will the amplitude of the waves be a minimum?



A flat plate made of glass has a refractive index of $n=1.52$. What is the speed of light within this material? (1.0 分)

  The diagram shows two waves. One wave is y 8.i lkx-j/vz nhc r3a9c3b7lemitted from source $s_{1}$ and travels to point $P$. The other wave is emitted from source $s_{2}$ and travels to point $P$.



What is the path difference between the waves? (1.0 分)

  When a light ray enters a denser medium and refracts, soszih7y2z u x-5me of the characteristics of the 27i5zyzs- xh uwave will change. Which of the following options is correct about this change?

(1.0 分)

  Which row correctly describes the conditions for constructive and destruci8ynpsnhl*p5v(3 qm2) u+4 aywfldb(tive interference in a double-slit difninv)p4d*pyl 2a5myf( +8wb3s l (hu qfraction pattern?
(1.0 分)

  A ray of light is incident on a materinrho2)mrj9m,/ng . d ral made from three layers, each having a different optical density, so that in each layemm2nr)hdor,gnj .r/ 9r the light travels at a different speed.

- For layer 1: refractive index $=n_{1}$ and the speed of light $=c_{1}$

- For layer 2: refractive index $=n_{2}$ and the speed of light $=c_{2}$

- For layer 3: refractive index $=n_{3}$ and the speed of light $=c_{3}$

- Angle of incidence $=i$

- Angle of refraction $=r$

This is illustrated in the diagram below:




Which is the correct expression for $c_{3}$, the speed of light in the thirdlayer? (1.0 分)

  When does diffraction oc 8zp tzi7:v+gvcur? (1.0 分)

  A student is investigating the interference of waves. They set up coherent wavtw8lr549.yhb d. bdxnjh 68 tves produced at pointwdyhbtb9h .vx56ljd t84n8r.s $\mathrm{S}$ and $\mathrm{T}$ and travel outwards in all directions.

The line $X Y$ is halfway between $S$ and $T$ and perpendicular to the joining line $S$ and $T$. The distance $X Y$ is much greater than the distanceST.



Which line or lines would an interference pattern be seen along?
(1.0 分)

  A double slit interferen2 89woplz1k;9 c6 mcbp8o hxvtce experiment is conducted using monochromatic light of wavelengtt96lch2p z 8bxcw 9m8 o1okvp;h $\lambda$. The centre of the observed pattern is a bright fringe.



What is the path difference between two waves which interfere to give the second dark fringe from the centre?
(1.0 分)