Physics Unit27: Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom

1#

In a pair of acceleratin q1ieor)1 jlcsa98:j gg plates, such as found inside a CRT, the electrons are emita1org j)s ic jq1le98:ted (1.0 分)

A. from the cathode which is positive, toward the anode which is positive.

B. from the cathode which is negative, toward the anode which is positive.

C. from the anode which is positive, toward the cathode which is negative.

D. from the anode which is negative, toward the cathode which is positive.

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2#

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A blackbody is an ideal .qjfai,u7z9u.n6(8 kly dy wksystem that (1.0 分)

A. absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, but cannot emit light of its own (i.e., a "black" body).

B. emits 100% of the light it generates, but cannot absorb radiation of its own.

C. either absorbs 100% of the light incident upon it, or emits 100% of the radiation it generates.

D. absorbs 50% of the light incident upon it, and emits 50% of the radiation it generates.

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3#

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Which color in the visible spectrum is associat0u lvfy7t, -7t7hd5hkjiew9z ed with the lowest temperature? (1.0 分)

A. blue

B. green

C. orange

D. red

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4#

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Planck's constant (1.0 分)

A. sets an upper limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

B. sets a lower limit to the amount of energy that can be absorbed or emitted.

C. relates mass to energy.

D. none of the given answers

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5#

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The ratio of energy to frequen:j)tybe1-av;8a e act(q ax,kcy for a given photon gives (1.0 分)

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. Planck's constant.

D. its work function.

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6#

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The fundamental SI units of Planc(z7 -j7ol bucik's constant are (1.0 分)

A. $kg \cdot m/s$.

B. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s$.

C. $kg \cdot m/s^2$.

D. $kg \cdot m^{2}/s^2$.

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7#

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Planck's constant has a value wca 9ewp6ultt w/v0z0 b g3si )kh;+g,of (1.0 分)

A. $1.055 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

B. $6.626 \times 10^{-34} \; J \cdot s$.

C. $8.85 \times 10^{-12} \; J \cdot s$.

D. $8.988 \times 10^{9} \; J \cdot s$.

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8#

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A photon is a particle tha9i*am j1a/( rvyn d7xdt (1.0 分)

A. has zero electric charge.

B. has zero electric field associated with it.

C. cannot travel in a vacuum.

D. has a velocity in a vacuum that varies with the photon frequency.

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9#

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Which of the following is an arnrg6 cr1 h8*uccurate statement? (1.0 分)

A. In vacuum, ultraviolet photons travel faster than infrared photons.

B. Photons can have positive or negative charge.

C. An ultraviolet photon has more energy than an infrared photon.

D. Photons do not have momentum (i.e., they cannot exert pressure on things).

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10#

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What is a photon? (1.0 分)

A. an electron in an excited state

B. a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties

C. one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus

D. an electron that has been made electrically neutral

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11#

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The energy of a photon t*+r /6szd u;y kmep2v/yi/szdepends on (1.0 分)

A. its amplitude.

B. its velocity.

C. its frequency.

D. none of the given answers

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12#

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If the wavelength of a photon is halvq5ki0exo-* qnz)dzd 8ed, by what factor does its energy change? (1.0 分)

A. 4

B. 2

C. 1/4

D. 1/2

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13#

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Which color of light has this cv*yyo9 (- wfxzn(8e lowest energy photons? (1.0 分)

A. red

B. yellow

C. green

D. blue

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14#

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The photoelectric effect is explainable assum iz(t(g n2 mrnov+sa9qo 5cf9 3ct5pm*ing (1.0 分)

A. that light has a wave nature.

B. that light has a particle nature.

C. that light has a wave nature and a particle nature.

D. none of the above

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15#

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In order for a photon to eject an elkynab/ni5 p p-tq4jnl3*. mf/ ectron from a metal's surface in the photoelectr3i flmy .* qpknb/5j4n-/atnp ic effect, the photon's (1.0 分)

A. frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value.

B. speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.

C. wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value.

D. momentum must be zero.

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16#

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The kinetic energy of the photoelectron dependswi6h* a dpsji-ms;s;+ pz2 u+s on which of the following? (1.0 分)

A. intensity of light

B. duration of illumination

C. wavelength of light

D. angle of illumination

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17#

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A beam of red light and a beam of violet light each deliver the same powem2cpyr2* c7 hmr on a surface. For which beam is the number of photons hitting the surface per s* h22cm7rpcymecond the greatest? (1.0 分)

A. the red beam

B. the violet beam

C. The number of photons per second is the same for both beams.

D. This cannot be answered without knowing just what the light intensity is.

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18#

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A metal surface is illuu+jaenvmo/o9l:dl m cx5 oij2 .2 p0g0minated with blue light and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of en0.l:m ojdup +iaj5levcn xmo g2 09o2/ergy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected (1.0 分)

A. at the same rate, but with more energy per electron.

B. at the same rate, but with less energy per electron.

C. at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron.

D. at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.

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19#

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A beam of X-rays of frequency f is incident upon a substance that scatters the 2d/ jpcf/ z0h ums;ot+beam in various directions. If we me +z c/0;huo/ftdm sjp2asure the frequency of the scattered X-rays, we will find (1.0 分)

A. X-rays with frequency less than f.

B. X-rays with frequency greater than f.

C. only X-rays with frequency f.

D. X-rays with frequencies ranging from less than f to greater than f.

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20#

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A beam of X-rays of wavelength l is incident upon a substance that scatters scel /+ 3m xkx9a*n;tqthe beam in various directions. If we measurn lqkt/xa; 9 ces*+xm3e the wavelength of the scattered X-rays, we will find (1.0 分)

A. X-rays with wavelength less than l.

B. X-rays with wavelength greater than l.

C. only X-rays with wavelength l.

D. X-rays which range in wavelength from less than l to greater than l.

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21#

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When a photon is scattered from an electron, thex:r zcf lo3(zcet4e-810gwbogn5v9 )e1qhfs re will be an increase in its (1.0 分)

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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22#

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In the Compton effect, as the scattering angle rure+dp0;bci4so6 9 p increases, the frequency of the X-rays scattere s;rde9b0i+4pour6 pcd at that angle (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. does not change.

D. varies randomly.

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23#

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In a Compton scattering experiment, what scattering angle produces the great7 0pebwec/re6r ,3ds rest change in wavelengeb /e r3dpw0,6r7se rcth? (1.0 分)

A. $0^{\circ}$

B. $90^{\circ}$

C. $180^{\circ}$

D. none of the given answers

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24#

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When the accelerating voltage in an X-rayo9czguq l 3g1cj0 t*l0nz0f1i tube is doubled, the minimum wavelength of t00jl13clzugz19n icf*0oq gthe X-rays (1.0 分)

A. is increased to twice the original value.

B. is increased to four times the original value.

C. is decreased to one-half the original value.

D. is decreased to one-fourth the original value.

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25#

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When a proton passes through matter, it is possible for it to interact withil7 q s7h1c;y cuo:jotk9i +g0 the matter in such a way that an electron and a positron are produced; this y;il07i9 k17ocj:ust chgo+qinteraction is referred to as (1.0 分)

A. the photoelectric effect.

B. the Compton effect.

C. pair production.

D. none of the given answers

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26#

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As a particle travels fas)qza b- ,e -x4i .ydypzs;b7gster, its de Broglie wavelength (1.0 分)

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains constant.

D. could be any of the given answers; it depends on other factors.

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27#

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When an electron is accelerated to a higher speed, there is a decre;vyiocnj a )7d*h pw-8ase in its (1.0 分)

A. energy.

B. frequency.

C. wavelength.

D. momentum.

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28#

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Which one of the following would tend to have the smallest wavelength if they a gdt zjk+ j6s-nsz9mfg)* rwcg c+73;qre moving with the sa97zqrg)jdnc twmc+;gzk-*3+6g sfsj me speed? (1.0 分)

A. electron

B. proton

C. baseball

D. bowling ball

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29#

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The reason the wavelike nature of a moving baseball is not noticed in a 7j3 42d pcbfy*fac(yeveryday life is t3y aapb*c2f 4j(7ycd fhat (1.0 分)

A. it doesn't have a wavelike nature.

B. its wavelength is too small.

C. its frequency is too small.

D. its energy is too small.

E. No one pays attention to such things except for the Mets; and they can't hit a curve ball anyway.

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30#

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What advantage mighty;,x7 zxt7bq*qqf x yq jiis3(:fs6,r an electron microscope have over a light microscope? (1.0 分)

A. Electrons are more powerful.

B. Shorter wavelengths are possible.

C. Longer wavelengths are possible.

D. none of the given answers

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31#

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The part of an electron microscope that plays th.dr/wy9 rv k-2tocu,d. 3sx zte same role as the lenses do in an optd32xkcw tsd- ,oz9u yrtr/v. .ical microscope is (1.0 分)

A. the vacuum chamber.

B. the coils.

C. the cathode.

D. the deflector plates.

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32#

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Which of the following microscopn.nnsa9a 4ln c a+.2cpes is capable of "photographing" individual atomc 2pa4.nnal9sc. n a+ns? (1.0 分)

A. light microscope

B. scanning tunneling microscope

C. transmission electron microscope

D. scanning electron microscope

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33#

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According to the Bohr model of the atom, the angular momentum of an electron u/9 apbo 9b*kyaround the nucle9o*uay/bpbk 9us (1.0 分)

A. could equal any positive value.

B. must equal an integral multiple of h.

C. must equal an integral multiple of h/2p.

D. decreases with time, eventually becoming zero.

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34#

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When an electron jumtqjr4q39/h bf0w9fpcps from an orbit where n = 4 to one where n = 2 (1.0 分)

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35#

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The distance between adjacent orbit radii i by 1v95s(sgivn a hydrogen atom (1.0 分)

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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36#

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The energy difference between adjacent orbi8cdr. b4arb hh;5s9equ80 e4p z*aut zt radii in a hydrogen atom (1.0 分)

A. increases with increasing values of n.

B. decreases with increasing values of n.

C. remains constant for all values of n.

D. varies randomly with increasing values of n.

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37#

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What is the wavelength corresponding to the most intense light emitm:z82;fmk v zl(k iho.+k;sijted by a giants h zmfk;vl+ z:(k2;.ijo 8kmi star of surface temperature 5000 K? (1.0 分)

A. $576 \; nm$

B. $578 \; nm$

C. $580 \; nm$

D. $582 \; nm$

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38#

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What is the frequency of the most intense radvh) uh(ifs*7b 9f1y6ww+ hd mt*hcls4iation from an object with temperature ihv uhw*6)yws+ hlf *1 9hm(f7cbt4sd$100 ^{\circ}C$? (1.0 分)

A. $2.9 \times 10^{-5} \; Hz$

B. $3.9 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

C. $1.0 \times 10^{13} \; Hz$

D. $1.0 \times 10^{11} \; Hz$

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39#

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How much energy is carried by a photon with frefsz9-ep vv/q crja i z)6q2;*yquency 110 GHz? (1.0 分)

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-22} \; J$

C. $7.3 \times 10^{-23} \; J$

D. $1.3 \times 10^{-25} \; J$

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40#

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How much energy is carried by ;jz8) p j4*r5 o;hjska +euywj h;yp5la photon with a frequency of 100,000 GHz? (1.0 分)

A. $4.73 \times 10^{-42} \; J$

B. $4.37 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-24} \; J$

D. $6.63 \times 10^{-20} \; J$

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41#

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What frequency of electroma 9- nz t wr1;o(e;ign,g aj3hiy-j p9tvc9pl4ugnetic radiation has energy $4.7 \times 10^{-25} \; J$? (1.0 分)

A. $710 \; kHz$

B. $4.7 \; MHz$

C. $710 \; MHz$

D. $1.4 \; GHz$

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42#

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What frequency of electromagnetictaxm188iz 37hy; bs00 evnvdt radiation has an energy of 58.1 meV? (1.0 分)

A. $1.4 \; MHz$

B. $711 \; MHz$

C. $7.1 \; GHz$

D. $14 \; GHz$

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43#

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What is the photon energy of red light having wada4 ( knelq:.8+vzn 1+urhptc zg7 v2avelength 640 nm? (1.0 分)

A. $1.13 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

B. $1.31 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $3.11 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

D. $1.94 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

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44#

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How much energy, in joules, gc8xuj6(rw6b is carried by a photon of wavelength 660 nm? (1.0 分)

A. $1.46 \times 10^{-48} \; J$

B. $3.01 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $6.63 \times 10^{-34} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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45#

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At what rate are photons emitted by a 50-W sodium vapor lamp? (Assume that th bk.r:s zix.1fe lamp's lrsx.1 :ibkf. zight is monochromatic and of wavelength $589 \; nm$.) (1.0 分)

A. $1.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

B. $1.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

C. $2.0 \times 10^{20}/$s

D. $2.5 \times 10^{20}/$s

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46#

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A metal has a work function of 4.5 eV. Find the maximum nljif4i(xwo8z bydo,qk :,t :39thv 1kinetic energy of the photoelect9wd1tb 4xionih,8 3o,z :f:qt (kvyjlrons if the wavelength of light is 250 nm. (1.0 分)

A. zero

B. $0.37 \; eV$

C. $0.46 \; eV$

D. $0.53 \; eV$

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47#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident )jjwz u l3.)rmbw p/n7on a metal surface, the stopping potentiw/ ul)r7mpjznbw).j3 al of the photoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the work function of the metal? (1.0 分)

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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48#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm:pecy;qir3 1 -1iku .:kychwe 0gu/as is incident on a metal surface, the stopping potential of the photoelectrs/;0i.ruhge:yqcyca 1i3:u e pk1k-wons is 0.500 eV. What is the threshold frequency? (1.0 分)

A. $3.47 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

B. $3.74 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

C. $4.73 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

D. $7.34 \times 10^{14} \; Hz$

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49#

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When light of wavelength 350 nm is incident on a metal surface, the2u ev 5k0axmd9 wgp1-g stopping potential of the phgg-0ep ud92xv1 a km5wotoelectrons is 0.500 eV. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron? (1.0 分)

A. $0.500 \; eV$

B. $3.04 \; eV$

C. $3.54 \; eV$

D. $4.12 \; eV$

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50#

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A monochromatic light is incident on the surface of a metal with work function ,7m;h1xh qi*ztxz l w:2.50 eV. If a 1.0-V stopping potential is required to make the photocurrent zero, h zwmq*it71 ,hxxl:z ;what is the wavelength of light? (1.0 分)

A. $354 \; nm$

B. $423 \; nm$

C. $497 \; nm$

D. $744 \; nm$

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51#

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If the scattering angle in Compton's scattering is 93 mjpk8evd,h90e. What is the wavelength shmvd,3ekpjh 98ift? (1.0 分)

A. $1.22 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

B. $2.43 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

C. $3.65 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

D. $4.85 \times 10^{-12} \; m$

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52#

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X-rays of wavelength 0.20 nm are scattered by a metal. The wavelp(d.2 *kd4*4 m vaue r3hjmsdkength shift is observedduk4se4m.h*jv d( pa32mkd *r to be
$2.1 \times 10^{-12} \; m$ at a certain scattering angle measured relative to the incoming X-ray. What is the scattering angle? (1.0 分)

A. $20^{\circ}$

B. $40^{\circ}$

C. $60^{\circ}$

D. $80^{\circ}$

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53#

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X-rays with a wavelength of 0.00100 nm arer+ j:gkb/+im*+tn m 8w pvrbz, scattered by free electrons at 130e. What is the kinetic energy of each r+/v mkmnprji8*+:zw,g br tb+ecoil electron? (1.0 分)

A. $2.5 \; MeV$

B. $5.0 \; MeV$

C. $7.5 \; MeV$

D. $10 \; MeV$

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54#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated with a ball of mass 0.50g+cw 4y) lwq,o kg moving with a speed o)lc4oy +,wwqg f 25 m/s? (1.0 分)

A. $3.5 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

B. $5.3 \times 10^{-35} \; m$

C. $3.5 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-33} \; m$

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55#

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What is the de Broglie wavelength of a ball of mass 200 g oe3mb x (b6qyttyo5 vz,.q(-a moving with a speed of 30 mvbao-yz6x 3,eyqo( .(5mttbq/s? (1.0 分)

A. $1.1 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

B. $2.2 \times 10^{-34} \; m$

C. $4.5 \times 10^{-28} \; m$

D. $6.7 \times 10^{-27} \; m$

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56#

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What is the wavelength of the matter wave associated 3rfx-l te 2/yuwith an electron moving with a speed oly/xtf u3r2 -ef $2.5 \times 10^7 \; m/s$? (1.0 分)

A. $29 \; pm$

B. $35 \; pm$

C. $47 \; pm$

D. $53 \; pm$

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57#

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An electron is accelera:0(f2ou6b:hcz quut nted through a potential difference of 150 V. What is its wavelengt2ucuu ::(bton0z 6 qhfh? (1.0 分)

A. $0.1 \; nm$

B. $1 \; nm$

C. $1 \; mm$

D. $1 \; cm$

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58#

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An electron is accelerated by acsk 6)hdcxg ( e)ovwg36h ,r7z potential difference of 100 V. What is its wavelengz ke6)sxhc6r 7h3ogv( )gwd,c th? (1.0 分)

A. $0.122 \; nm$

B. $0.212 \; nm$

C. $0.221 \; nm$

D. $0.313 \; nm$

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59#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 V. g9-l esgu1fp/What is its momentum ie1u-/f9g glspn $kg \cdot m/s$? (1.0 分)

A. $3.45 \times 10^{-24}$

B. $3.54 \times 10^{-24}$

C. $4.53 \times 10^{-24}$

D. $5.43 \times 10^{-24}$

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60#

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An electron is accelerated by a potential difference 8aj 2b0uazj8v h0cato s0 q.(fof 100 V. What is its kinett0 uh8q2oc(b za8.fj0vj saa0ic energy? (1.0 分)

A. $1.26 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

B. $1.62 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

C. $2.16 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

D. $2.61 \times 10^{-17} \; J$

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61#

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A person of mass 50 k5cis.cth c; p0g has a wavelength of $4.4 \times 10^{-36} \; m$ when running. How fast is she running? (1.0 分)

A. 2.0 m/s

B. 3.0 m/s

C. 4.0 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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62#

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An electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm. What is its yv c+ p rqy8/co*av ;1p3+*aoty pl9yfenergy in eV? (This energy is not in the rela 1ql3/oaayt8y +cp9yyv; *r vpc+*fpo tivistic region.) (1.0 分)

A. $20 \; eV$

B. $60 \; eV$

C. $80 \; eV$

D. $100 \; eV$

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63#

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If $r_1$ is the smallest orbital radius around a single proton, then $r_6$ is equal to (1.0 分)

A. $36 r_1$.

B. $12 r_1$.

C. $6 r_1$.

D. $2.45 r_1$.

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64#

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The electron of a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 5 state to thqqlrda;4wvi ,za9( s6e n = 2 state. What is thea,; ar46w(zs qdvq 9il wavelength of the emitted photon? (1.0 分)

A. $344 \; nm$

B. $434 \; nm$

C. $443 \; nm$

D. $523 \; nm$

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65#

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The binding energy of the hydrogen atom in ngen2/q1 0w*z5frwo iits ground state is -13.6 eV. What is the energy when it is in the nfw*5 2i/0 r qwenozn1g = 5 state? (1.0 分)

A. $2.72 \; eV$

B. $-2.72 \; eV$

C. $0.544 \; eV$

D. $-0.544 \; eV$

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66#

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A hydrogen atom in the ground state absorbs a photon of energy 12.09 i0d 3 :k5etuorocck:-bn -vk+ eV. To which state will the electron mact5:3ecki-+o ou n:d-r0k bkvke a transition? (1.0 分)

A. n = 2

B. n = 3

C. n = 4

D. n = 5

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67#

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What is the ionization energy of t:x rs( vfbr.0khe neutral hydrogen atom? (1.0 分)

A. $27.2 \; eV$

B. $13.6 \; eV$

C. $6.8 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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68#

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What is the ionization energy of singly ionizedsvrfqi2 q( xbw )2r7v: helium? (1.0 分)

A. $54.4 \; eV$

B. $27.2 \; eV$

C. $13.6 \; eV$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

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In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2, the hydrogen atz+q(rl3po bi3w +z; eiom must (1.0 分)

A. absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B. emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C. absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D. emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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70#

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In state n = 1, the e7)x t*s j5p ;2wwkkiypnergy of the hydrogen atom is -13.58 eV. What is its energy inwpks2yxki)7w j *p t;5 state n = 2? (1.0 分)

A. -6.79 eV

B. -4.53 eV

C. -3.40 eV

D. -1.51 eV

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71#

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The wavelength of a ruby laser is 694.3 nm. What is the energy difference bn9xy w)e;ud 3vetween the two energy stv9w ny);dexu3ates involved in laser action? (1.0 分)

A. $1.537 \; eV$

B. $1.646 \; eV$

C. $1.786 \; eV$

D. $1.812 \; eV$

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72#

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An electron is moving about a single proton in an orbit characterized1fo63e apgb31uofh(q o(dzo8 by n = 4. How many of the elg ( 3 hzo6(o 1fqau1o8ebpdof3ectron's de Broglie wavelengths fit into the circumference of this orbit? (1.0 分)

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 16

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